WRESTLING

WRESTLING

Currently, the largest professional wrestling company worldwide is the United States-based (WWE), which absorbed many smaller regional companies in the late twentieth century, as well as its primary competitors in early 2001, (WCW) and (ECW).In Mexico, the top promotions are and  . In Japan, it is

Professional wrestling is a form of where actors pretend to be engaged in It contains strong elements of, and exaggerated acting. Most matches are prearranged by the and contain content and scripted outcomes. Its date to 19th-century carnival and as part of displays of athleticism and strength. Modern professional wrestling usually features and techniques, which are modeled after diverse sets of wrestling and styles from around the world.

Professional wrestling is especially prevalent in Japan and North American countries like the U.S. and Mexico. In it was very popular from the 1960s to the early 1980s, where it was called High-profile figures in the sport have become celebrities or in their native or adopted home countries. Although professional wrestling started out as petty acts in, traveling and oday it is a billion-dollar industry. Revenue is drawn from ticket sales, television broadcasts, branded merchandise and home video. Recently, internet programming has also been utilized, adding to the aforementioned methods. Broadcasting, known on the internet as streaming, of live and past events is foremost in internet-related revenue earnings. Pro wrestling was instrumental in making a viable method of content deliver.



WEIGHT LIFTING

WEIGHT LIFTING

The Commonwealth Games Federation refuses to release any details of drug tests until the process ends.
An athlete choosing to contest the initial result can demand to be present during the opening of the B sample at a Sydney laboratory. This sample would take a further 48 hours to analyse. The entire process can take between four and nine days.

The protocols were designed to help protect the athletes' rights," he said last night. "We're not trying to withhold anything; we're doing what we're supposed to do in relation to a robust anti-doping program."

his follows the pre-Games positive drug test results of two Indian weightlifters who were sanctioned in India and not allowed to travel to Melbourne.

The Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority is conducting more than 1000 tests, including at least 300 blood tests, as part of the Games testing on behalf of the Commonwealth Games Federation

A CLOUD has gathered over the Indian weightlifting team, with at least one and perhaps two lifters believed to have returned positive drug tests at the Games.





TABLE TENNIS

TABLE TENNIS

The tennis events were held from 4–10 October 2010, which clashed with the dates of the, an and event. Despite initial concerns that governing bodies would fail to persuade their top players to compete in Delhi, several top tennis players competed for their countries, including),), (India), (Scotland), (India), and (Australia).
However, Australia) did not compete for his country, as he was concerned about security problems and losing points. Although has long been on the list of approved optional, and has featured in every programme, it made its maiden appearance in a full Commonwealth Games programme at the Also, (Australia) decided not to compete in the games for she was to take part in the tournament in Beijing (Premier Mandatory) and Osaka (to defend her title). The deadline for submission of named players was 3 September 2010.



SQUASH

SQUASH

In the 2006 Commonwealth Games, which was held in Melbourne, Australia with 8 medals in all was in the first place; the country won 3 gold medals, 3 silver medals and 2 bronze medals. While in the second place was England with 5 medals in all that included 2 gold medals, 1 silver medal and 2 bronze medals, the third place was occupied by New Zealand that won 1 silver medal and 1 bronze medal

he main events of squash include five segment; Men's singles and doubles, Women's singles and doubles and Mixed doubles. The venue for 2010 Commonwealth Games for squash was Siri Fort Complex. The participants competed for 15 medals in all.

Natalie Grinham from Australia had won all the three gold medals in 2006 Commonwealth Games. She had won gold medal in singles, doubles as well as mixed doubles, thereby, becoming the first participant to have won gold medals thrice in squash at one Commonwealth Games

Squash is included in the core games of the Commonwealth Games, meaning that this sporting event must be included in all the Commonwealth Games. This popular game of the mega sporting event was for the first time introduced in 1998 Commonwealth Games, held in Kuala Lumpur. Squash was among the most waited core events of the 2010 Commonwealth Games, which will was held in Delhi from 3rd October to 14th October.

This sporting event includes both men and women participants. The game is a wonderful display of power and concentration. The best of the athletes from different Commonwealth nations fight to take their respective nations to the top spot of the medal's chart. Australia is in the first position in the medals tally chart of squash with 22 medals in all, the country is followed by England with 19 medals in all and the third position is held by New Zealand with 6 medals in all



Rugby Sevens

Rugby Sevens

South African coach Paul Treu has been forced to call up several inexperienced youngsters as injury cover for his depleted side, however the South African depth runs deep, and they should still at least make the semis.
Of the other serious contenders, England are already settled in India hoping to improve on their 5th place standing in the World Series

The Springbok Sevens team, meanwhile, travelled to Dubai on Sunday evening for a week long preparation camp in order to acclimatise prior to the games being held in Delhi. Some have questioned the Springboks late motives here, especially as teams like Scotland have been training and acclimatising locally for several days.

The Commonwealth Games Sevens tournament promises to be an exciting event, in that this year's World Series winners Samoa will be up against it in the form of traditional foe South Africa, New Zealand and Australia, who are all desperate to salvage something from this year

With the Rugby Sevens calendar wrapped up, rugby fans are being treated to one more high profile tournament before year-end.



SHOOTING

SHOOTING

He utmost consideration for many shooters is Like many activities such as mountain climbing, skiing, or sky-diving, there is an element of danger involved. And especially here, this danger demands a sober understanding and respect for firearms and the specific rules for the safe handling of them. This is compounded by the fact that the danger can easily extend beyond the participants – a stray bullet other than those actually firing or handling the arms involved. At public ranges, the safety of all participants depends on the knowledge of everyone at the range.

Shooting is the act or process of firing or other projectile such as or Even the firing of and can be called shooting. A person who specializes in shooting is a Shooting can take place in a or in the field in in or in

Shooting technique differs depending on factors like the type of firearm used (from a to a, the distance to and nature of the the required precision and the available time. Some shooting sports, such as shooting, make a sport of combat style shooting. The, the and the offer different amounts of support for the shooter., as is sometimes seen in movies and on television, is not recommended because it makes the gun almost impossible to aim.



NET BALL

NET BALL

The sport is administered globally by the (IFNA), and is reportedly played by over 20 million people in more than 70 countries. Local-level participation is widespread in Commonwealth nations, particularly in schools, although international competition and domestic leagues only receive substantial recognition in a few countries. The highest level of international netball includes the the at the, and the Games are played on a rectangular court divided into thirds, with a raised goal at each short end. The object of the game is for teams to score goals, by passing a ball and shooting it into the opposing team's goal. Players are assigned "positions" that define their role within the team and restrict their movement on court. During general play, a player with the ball can take no more than one step before passing it, and must pass the ball or shoot for goal within three seconds. Goals can only be scored by the assigned shooting players. Netball games are 60 minutes long, divided into 15-minute quarters, at the end of which the team with the most goals scored wins.

The sport is administered globally by the

Netball is a played between two teams of seven players. The sport shares many similarities with, having been derived from early versions of. It developed as a distinct sport in the 1890s in England, from where it spread to other countries. Netball is popular in and is predominantly played by women



Rhythmic Gymastics

Rhythmic Gymastics



International competitions are split between Juniors, under sixteen by their year of birth; and Seniors, for women sixteen and over again by their year of birth. Gymnasts in Russia and Europe typically start training at a very young age and those at their peak are typically in their late teens (15-19 or early twenties. The largest events in the sport are the World Championships, and Grand-Prix Tournaments.

Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport in which individuals or teams of competitors (from 2 to 6 people) manipulate one or two apparatus: and Free (no apparatus, so called "floor routine"). An individual athlete only manipulates 1 apparatus at a time. When multiple gymnasts are performing a routine together a maximum of two types of apparatus may be distributed through the group. An athlete can exchange apparatus with a team member at any time through the routine. Therefore a athlete can manipulate up to two different apparatus through the duration of the routine. Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport that combines elements of and apparatus manipulation. The victor is the participant who earns the most points, determined by a panel of judges, for leaps, balances, pirouettes (pivots), flexibilities, apparatus handling, execution, and artistic effect.

The governing body, the IG), changed the in 2001, 2003, 2005, and 2008 to emphasize technical elements and reduce the subjectivity of judging. Before 2001, judging was on a scale of 10 like that of It was changed to a 30-point scale in 2003, a 20-point scale in 2005, and in 2008 was changed back to 30. There are three values adding up to be the final points—technical, artistic, and execution. the FIG also selects which apparatus will be used in competitions, only four out of the five possible apparatuses are sanctioned. Up to 2010, the clubs were not used at the Senior level. For 2011 rope will be dropped for senior national, then in 2012 it will be dropped for junior national, and in 2013 it will be dropped in novice, and will continued to be dropped through the years descending national to provincial to interclub until eventually rope will be completely out of rhythmic gymnastics.

Artistic Gymastics

Artistic Gymastics

In 1881 was founded and remains the governing body of international gymnastics since then. It included only three countries and was called European Gymnastics Federation until 1921, when the first non-European countries joined the federation, and it was reorganized into its present form. Gymnastics was included into the program of the, but women were allowed to participate in the Olympics only since 1928. World Championships, held since 1903 also remained for men only until 1934. Since that time two branches of artistic gymnastics have been developing – WAG and MAG – which, unlike men's and women's branches of many other sports, are much different in apparatus used at the major competitions, in techniques and concerns.

Competitive gymnasts perform short routines (ranging from approximately 30 to 90) on different apparatus, with less time for vaulting (see lists below). They are governed by the or FIG. The FIG designs the and regulates all aspects of international elite competition. Within individual countries, gymnastics is regulated by national federations, such as BAGA in Great Britain and USA Gymnastics in the United States.

Competitive gymnasts perform short routines (ranging from approximately 30 to 90 governed by the, or FIG. The FIG designs the and regulates all aspects of international elite competition. Within individual countries, gymnastics is regulated by national federations, such as BAGA in Great Britain and USA Gymnastics in the United States.



GYMANSTICS

GYMANSTICS

Participants can include children as young as two years old and sometimes younger doing kindergym and children's gymnastics, recreational gymnasts of all ages, competitive gymnasts at varying levels of skill, as well as world class athletes

Gymnastics is an nvolving performance of exercises requiring physical strength, flexibility, agility, coordination, balance, and grace. Internationally, all of the gymnastic sports are governed by the (FIG) with each country having its own national governing body affiliated to FIG. Competitive is the best known of the gymnastic sports. It typically involves the women's events of and Men's events include, and Gymnastics evolved from exercises used by the ancient that included skills for mounting and dismounting a horse, and from circus performance skills.

Other gymnastic sports include, the various sports, and aerobic and acrobatic gymnastics.

To the Ancient Greeks, physical fitness was paramount, and all Greek cities had a a courtyard for jumping, running, and wrestling. As the ascended, Greek gymnastics gave way to military training. The Romans, for example, introduced the wooden horse. In 393 AD the abolished the Olympic Games, which by then had become corrupt, and gymnastics, along with other sports, declined. For centuries, gymnastics was all but forgotten.



CYCLING

CYCLING



Cycling is an extremely efficient mode of transportation optimal for short to moderate distances. Bicycles provide numerous benefits compared to motor vehicles, including exercise, an alternative to the use of fossil fuels, no air or noise pollution, much reduced traffic congestion and likelihood of causing a fatality, easier parking, greater maneuverability, and access to both roads and paths. The advantages are at less financial cost to the user as well as society (negligible damage to roads, and less pavement required Criticisms and disadvantages of cycling include reduced protection in crashes, particularly with motor vehicles, onger travel time (except in densely populated areas), vulnerability to weather conditions, difficulty in transporting passengers, and the skill and fitness required.

were introduced in the 19th century and now number about one billion worldwideThey are the principal means of transportation in many regions

Cycling, also called bicycling or biking, is the use of for, or Persons engaged in cycling are cyclists. or bicyclistsApart from ordinary two-wheeled bicycles, cycling also includes riding, and other similar The components of the bike should also be considered. A middle grade is sufficient for a beginner, although many utility bikes come equipped with If the rider plans a significant amount of, a triple- (three chainrings) front may be preferred. Otherwise, the relatively lighter and less expensive two chainrings may be better. Much simpler fixed wheel bikes are also available, and may be more suitable for commuters.

BOXING

BOXING

Eventually, fist fighting became so popular that even started fighting, and the practice was promoted by Caesar. A fight between the agile Dares and the towering Entellus is described at length in the Roman national epic 1st century BC). The Roman philosopher 3.2.8) indicates that youths trained at the for self-defense.

Records of Classical boxing activity disappeared after the fall of the Western when the wearing of weapons become common once again and interest in fighting with the fists waned.

However, there are detailed records of various fist-fighting sports that were maintained in different cities and provinces of Italy between the 12th and 17th centuries. There was also a sport in called As the wearing of swords became less common, there was renewed interest in fencing with the fists.

 The sport would later resurface in England during the early 18th century in the form of sometimes referred to as prizefighting.

Boxing is a and in which two people using their fists. Boxing is typically supervised by a engaged in during a series of one- to three-minute intervals called rounds, and boxers generally of similar

 There are three ways to win; if the opponent is knocked out and unable to get up before the referee counts to ten seconds (a r KO) or if the opponent is deemed too to continue (a or TKO). If there is no stoppage of the fight before an agreed number of rounds, a winner is determined either by the referee's decision or by judges' scorecards.



ARCHERY

ARCHERY

He development of endered bows obsolete in warfare. Despite the high social status, ongoing utility, and widespread pleasure of archery in Korea, England, China, Japan, Turkey, Armenia, Egypt, India and elsewhere, almost every culture that gained access to even early firearms used them widely, to the relative neglect of archery. Early firearms were vastly inferior in rate-of-fire, and were very susceptible to wet weather. However, they had longer effective rangeand were tactically superior in the common situation of soldiers shooting at each other from behind obstructions.

 They also required significantly less training to use properly, in particular penetrating steel armour without any need to develop special Armies equipped with guns could thus provide superior firepower by sheer weight of numbers, and highly-trained archers became almost obsolete on the battlefield. However, archers are still effective and have seen action even in the 21st century. Traditional archery remains in use for sport, and for hunting in many areas.

From the 1920s, professional engineers took an interest in archery, previously the exclusive field of traditional craft experts.

 They led the commercial development of new forms of bow including the modern and These modern forms are now dominant in modern Western archery; traditional bows are in a minority. In the 1980s, the skills of traditional archery were revived by American enthusiasts, and combined with the new scientific understanding.

Much of this expertise is available in the Traditional Bowyer's Bibles (see Additional reading). Modern game archery owes much of its success to an American bow hunter and bow manufacturer.

Archery is the art, practice, or skill of propelling with the use of. Archery has historically been used fo and; in modern times, however, its main use is that of a recreational activity. One who practices archery is typically known as an "archer" or "bowman," and one who is fond of or an expert at archery can be referred to as a "toxophilite.



SYCHRONISED SWIMMING

SYCHRONISED SWIMMING

The first modern Olympic Games had only four swimming events, three of them freestyle. The second Olympics in Paris in 1900 included three unusual swimming events. One used an obstacle course; another was a test of underwater swimming endurance; the third was a 4,000-metre event, the longest competitive swimming event ever. None of the three was ever used in the Olympics again

For a variety of reasons, women were excluded from swimming in the first several Olympic Games. In 1896 and again in 1906, women could not participate because the developer of the modern games, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, held firmly to the assumption, common in the Victorian era, that women were too frail to engage in competitive sports. It was only at the 1912 Games when women's swimming made its debut at the prompting of the group that later became known as the International Olympic Committee.

As swimmers refine strokes or make changes, the best way to see if the new stroke is an improvement is to use it in competition. This is why so much attention is paid to speed and endurance records.

From the humble beginning with four swimming events, the Olympics have developed to 32 swimming races, 16 for men and 16 for women. The Special Olympics, competitive swimming for people with disabilities, has 22 events for men and 22 for women.



AQUATICS

AQUATICS

The Manchester 2002 Elite Disabled Athletes (EDA) will make their mark at the Manchester Aquatic Centre, competing in 50m and 100m freestyle events. Athletes with a physical disability will compete alongside those with a visual impairment and their medals will count towards the overall medal tally for their country.
Whatever your preference, the new Manchester Aquatics Centre will provide a fantastic setting for what will no doubt be some hotly contested events.
While swimming and diving have been an integral part of any major Games, synchronised swimming didn't appear until the Los Angeles Olympic Games of 1984, and then two years later as a Commonwealth Games sport.
Australian swimmer, Annette Kellerman, may have invented the sport when she performed "water ballet" in a glass tank at the New York Hippodrome in 1907.

Katherine Curtis founded a water ballet club in 1923 and then went on to develop rules for competition, based on the scoring methods used in gymnastics, diving, and figure skating



SWIMMING

SWIMMING

PALMER CLAIMS AUSTRALIA'S FIRST GAMES GOLD

The battle for the other podium positions went down to the wire, with Wales' Jaz Carlin (1:58.29) and England's Rebecca Adlington (1:58.47) winning silver and bronze.

Brisbane-based Palmer went in to the four-length race as the fastest qualifier ahead of team-mate Blair Evans, who finished in sixth place.

The 20-year-old struck out after the second turn and touched home in 1:57.50 to set Australia on course to retain top spot in the pool.

The top six women all swam under 1:59, with early race leader Genevieve Saumur from Canada missing out on bronze by four hundredths of a second.

Palmer said she was over the moon with the win.

"I am speechless," she said afterwards. "I really have nothing to say. It is an awesome feeling. You can't get any better than winning a gold medal.



Diving

Diving

Competition has already been world class in many sports, especially cycling and swimming, and big things are expected in diving.

In the past decade the Australian diving team has soared from 15th in the world to Number 2, headed only by the powerful Chinese. But competition will be fierce - particularly from the English and Canadian divers who view the event as an important stepping stone to the London Olympics

KERRY O’BRIEN, PRESENTER: After all the problems in staging the Commonwealth Games in New Delhi it's now proving very hard to get people to go.

Competition in most venues is being conducted before extremely small crowds, but the athletes insist it's a minor issue in their battle for medals.

If the pressure of making your major championships debut at age 19 is not enough, then teaming up with an Olympic gold medallist must surely seal the deal

Mitcham is the golden boy of the Australian diving scene, in light of his stunning victory in the men's 10-metre platform at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing where he stole the win on his final dive





BADMINTON

BADMINTON

The badminton players were given a warm reception on their arrival. However, the officials of the AP Olympic Association and the Sports Authority of Andhra Pradesh were not there to receive the players.

No doubt, Asian Games is a totally different proposition with the Chinese and the Indonesians taking part. But going into that with the gold in your kitty should make you confident, if not complacent," India's best woman shuttler remarked.

Saina Nehwal believes that the 'golden performance' of the Indian badminton team in the recently-held Delhi Commonwealth Games should be a huge morale booster for the next months' Asian Games in China. "This is an unbelievable performance, especially given the fact that not many have given us a chance in the women's doubles. Hats off to the doubles pair of Jwala and Aswani for their magnificent performance," she commented on arrival along with her teammates here on Saturday after a successful campaign in the Games.

wala Gutta and Aswani Ponappa, the women's doubles pair which clinched the gold, are equally delighted. 'It has been a fabulous week in Delhi. We defied all odds and surprised many with our gold," remarked Jwala. "The understanding between us was amazing and I should reiterate that Ashwani played much better than many would have expected. She is a fantastic player and never really showed any nerve in the final," Jwala pointed out.

Chief national coach Pullela Gopi Chand termed the Indian shuttlers' show in the Delhi Games as a huge reminder of the ability of these players under demanding conditions. "It was a great week for Indian badminton itself. I think many are forgetting that we won the team silver too which is a creditable achievement. Saina, though she had to put her best foot forward, winning singles is somewhat expected given her ranking but the icing on the cake was the women's doubles gold. It was a fantastic display by them," he concluded.



Running Race

Running Race

Running is the most important exercise in the modern world .It will gives body fitness &active  to the body.Mainly it will develop respretory  and also lungs to the human body.

When running, runners use all 12 sets of respiratory (breathing) muscles for every breath. These muscles tire just like any other muscle in the body. When the respiratory muscles work harder and become tired, less oxygenated blood flows to the legs. This means that the breathing muscles take (steal) this blood instead of it being sent to the legs and arms.
Breathing requires a minimum of 15% of the total oxygen used by the body for every breath taken during running training and even more when racing. Runners who do not spend time specifically strength training their respiratory muscles, they use even more oxygen attempting to achieve and maintain comfortable breathing while running.Running with untrained respiratory muscles causes the feeling of breathlessness, being short of breath and breathing discomfort. It occurs during running exercising and racing and may limit the quantity and quality of your training, race performances and times.
You know this if you have ever felt you were giving 100%, training or running, at your maximum, but felt you could have given more if you could only breathe better. Your breathing is limiting you, your training and your racing.
Breathing (your respiratory system) drives the cardio system through oxygen supply, NOT the other way around. Pump more oxygen to your heart and watch your respiratory rate and your heart rate both drop even when racing. Yes, racing!

Avoid Your Second Wind Problem

If you have to slow down and wait to get your second wind, it means you started out running too fast and immediately went anaerobic. Not a good place to be at the start of a training run or race. You are in a high state of lactic acid accumulation.
Train you breathing with Power Lung, a hand held, drug-free, respiratory strength training machine, designed and proven in many independent studies to increase the strength and endurance of the breathing muscles as you inhale and exhale against adjustable resistive force cells. You will see an increase in your lung capacity, higher oxygen intake and lower CO2 and lactic acid levels, lower heart and respiratory rates and increase your running speed and endurance.

Foot Ball

Foot Ball

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Common Wealth Games

Common Wealth Games

HOCKEY

Here, you will find all relating information to the 30+ competitions which are run by England Hockey.  We are still adding information to this section following the launch of the revamped site, so if something you are looking for is missing, please accept our apologies The information you want is only a 'few' clicks away!
Because of the sheer volume of competitions which are on offer, you may have to click a few times before you get to the competition you want!  However, we've tried to make the navigation as easy as possible and you will find a section at the bottom of the menu which is called "recently viewed comps".  This will be a very useful area if you use the same computer to look out for the latest draws and results, and will provide a shortcut to the last few competitions you have looked at!

The history of competitions in England

Although hockey was organised by The Hockey Association and All England Women’s Association from the latter part of 19th century, it was not until 1958 that the first national domestic competition, the Men’s County Championships, was held. The Women followed suit 10 years later. 

Clubs first took to the national stage with the Men’s Club Championships in 1972, which was the forerunner to the Men’s Cup competition. Through the 70’s and 80’s an increasing number of leagues were set up on a local and regional basis and at the end of the 1980’s both the Men’s and Women’s national leagues were formed. These leagues came together in 1997 as the English Hockey League and feature the top eighty eight men’s and women’s clubs in England and Wales.  In 2006, England Hockey announced a major sponsorship deal with Slazenger who became title sponsors of the England Hockey National League from the start of the 2006/07 season.

What competitions are on offer?

Today there are over 30 national competitions which cover the full age-range of the game. Club 1st XI’s are catered for with the Knockout Cup, Trophy (sponsored by Harrod UK) and Vase competitions depending on the level they play at. Juniors start with the seven-a-side Mini hockey championships on half pitches at Under 11 and U13 and then progress to knockout cups for U14, U16 and U18 age groups. The Veterans Cup for Over 40’s and Vintage Cup for Over 50’s are played for the more mature male players, whilst their female counterparts play in an Over 35’s competition. Men and women come together in the social but competitive national Mixed Cup.

School teams also compete in the Mini Hockey Championships then into the full size game with U14, U16 and U18 cup competitions for boys and girls.

How can my club get involved?

Entries for our knockout competitions are taken on an annual basis.